Discuss the reasons for, and effects of, domestic opposition to Mughal rule in India.

The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the reasons for, and effects of, domestic opposition to the Mughal rule. Candidates may offer equal coverage of reasons and effects, or they may prioritize their discussion of one of these aspects. However, both aspects will be a feature of the response. The reasons given for opposition may include the imposition of taxes on non-Muslims, the often autocratic and authoritarian rule by Mughals and their inability to placate the Marathas, leading to excessive warfare. Candidates may refer to the fact that initially the Rajputs and other Hindus opposed the Mughals, as they were perceived as foreigners. The effects may include a discussion of political and financial instability as well as religious tensions. Court in-fighting also led to the creation of successor states. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

The question required that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the reasons for, and effects of, domestic opposition to the Mughal rule.