Discuss the effects of the Iran–Iraq War on Iran.

The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the effects of the Iran-Iraq War on Iran. The discussion of the impact may extend beyond the timeframe but it must be clearly linked to the issue raised in the question. Candidates may refer to the extent of the physical and human destruction; the economic impact; political and religious issues including the entrenchment of the Islamic Revolution and the clerical rule of Khomeini and his successors; the social and economic impact on individuals; the consequent territorial changes; the impact on Iran’s international position including its relations with the United States as well as other states in the region. While other issues unrelated to the war also impacted Iran during this period, the bulk of the response will remain on the issue raised in the question.