Compare and contrast the emergence and influence of Sukarno and Tunku Abdul Rahman as nationalist leaders.

The question requires candidates to give an account of the similarities and differences between the emergence and influence of Sukarno and Tunku Abdul Rahman as nationalist leaders in their respective countries, referring to both leaders throughout. Candidates may contextualize the situation in each country and note that there were different colonial rulers. Candidates may adopt a chronological approach and they may identify the similarities and differences separately. Alternatively, candidates may consider a thematic approach and refer to both in areas such as nationalist ideals espoused by the leaders in response to colonial rule and their key leadership roles in independence movements, along with their ability to forge unity amongst their people. The world wars and the impact of the Japanese occupation may also be considered, along with the post-Second World War period leading to independence. These may not all be covered or covered equally. Both similarities and differences must be clearly indicated, but there does not need to be an equal number of each.

Candidates were required to give an account of the similarities and differences between the emergence and influence of Sukarno and Tunku Abdul Rahman as nationalist leaders. Responses seen demonstrated reasonable skill in comparing and contrasting both leaders.