| Date | May 2019 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 19M.3op1.HL.TZ0.12 |
| Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of Africa and the Middle East) | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | Examine | Question number | 12 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Section 6: Pre-colonial African states (1800–1900)
Examine the role of Nana and Jaja in the rise of the Niger Delta trading states.
Markscheme
This question requires candidates to consider an argument in a way that uncovers the role played by Nana and Jaja in the rise of the Niger Delta trading states. Candidates may consider why Jaja was seen as the founder of the Opobo state and how Nana contributed to the rise of the Itsekiri state. They may examine how Jaja moved from being a slave to the head of the Anna Pepple House. Candidates may consider how both leaders were able to influence and absorb neighbouring houses and how this contributed to the rise of their states. Jaja formed the Opobo city-state as a result of a conflict with the Manilla Pepple house in 1869. Candidates may consider the role played by their control of the lucrative palm oil trade in their state development and/or how both Nana and Jaja were able to block the British from controlling trade in the area.
Examiners report
This question required candidates to consider the role played by Nana and Jaja in the rise of Niger Delta trading states. Responses to this question did show some knowledge of these two individuals but tended to be more narrative than analytical.
