To what extent was Jinnah responsible for the partition of India in 1947?

Candidates are required to consider the merits or otherwise of the suggestion that Jinnah was responsible for the partition of India. They are required to gauge the extent of Jinnah’s role in the partition and, in support of their argument, they may include his mobilization of the Muslim masses, formulation of the two-nation theory, the Day of Deliverance announcement, the Lahore Resolution, Direct Action Day and the acceptance of the cabinet Mission Plan. Candidates will consider the importance of other factors that led to partition, for example, the British policy of divide and rule, the failure of the Congress as a national organization to placate all sections of society, Gandhi’s use of Hindu terms, which may have alienated the Muslims, and the role of other Muslim leaders such as Iqbal and Rahmat Ali. They may also consider the rise of Hindu communalism as a factor.