Evaluate the significance of Aguinaldo on the development of nationalism in the Philippines.

Candidates are required to make an appraisal of the significance of Aguinaldo on the development of nationalism in the Philippines. Candidates may evaluate Aguinaldo’s military record, from his early successes in Cavite province to his later, mixed record against both the Spaniards and the Americans. There may be an appraisal of his relationship with other leaders, such as Bonifacio, who was executed with Aguinaldo’s approval, or with Filipino elites. His role in promoting the first Filipino constitution may also be considered. Candidates may evaluate his relations with the US, especially during and after his capture in the Philippine-American War. They may also refer to Aguinaldo’s role in achieving a limited degree of Filipino self-government at the end of the period and other factors, such as the roles of Rival and Bonifacio, and resentment of Spanish and American rule in the development of Filipino nationalism.