“Foreign intervention was the main reason for the success of independence movements in the Americas.” With reference to one independence movement, to what extent do you agree with this statement?

Candidates will consider the merits or otherwise of the argument that foreign intervention was the main reason for the success of independence movements in the Americas. They may also address other factors that contributed to the success of independence movements. In respect to foreign assistance, candidates may consider the use of sea power both in terms of naval warfare as well as the application of blockades for economic effect, the intervention of foreign troops and their impact in specific military campaigns, and the role of economic assistance through armaments, provisions and loans. With regard to other factors, arguments might focus on issues of public morale, internal class division, qualities of political and military leadership, and the extent to which the foreign power could concentrate its resources against the independence movement.