Evaluate the reasons why the Second Republic was overthrown.

The question requires that candidates make an appraisal of the various reasons for the overthrow of the Second Republic and weigh up their significance. Louis Napoleon’s coup d’état of December 1851 effectively marked the end of the Second Republic. Reasons could include the lack of support nationally, the alienation of key supporters (June Days, 1848) and divisions on the Left, which undermined support for the Republic. The actions and ambitions of Louis Napoleon were key to the overthrow. Louis was underestimated by many politicians and played off one faction against the other. Further, he excelled at fostering a positive image, presenting himself as defender of the Revolution while at the same time using the appeal of his name to offer a return to the glory days of empire. He was thus able to gain support from left and right and to also offer strong government.