“By 1940, Lázaro Cárdenas had achieved all of his aims.” Discuss.

Candidates will offer a considered and balanced review of the suggestion that Cárdenas had achieved all his aims by 1940. They may choose to address each of his aims individually and gauge the extent to which each was achieved, or they may choose to focus on the aims that were realised and those that were not in discrete groups. While no approach is specified, candidates are expected to offer opinions or conclusions that are supported by appropriate evidence. Cárdenas aimed at modernizing and industrializing Mexico. He also attempted to implement various parts of the 1917 Constitution such as land redistribution, increased workers’ rights and improved secular education. Cárdenas tried to integrate the indigenous populations by designing specific education and health programmes. Whether he was successful at these is debatable.