Compare and contrast the tactics used by both sides during the Third Crusade (1189–1192).

The question requires that candidates give an account of similarities and differences in the tactics used by the two sides during the Third Crusade, referring to both sides throughout. They may note the similar strategies employed by the leaders of the two sides, for example, both Salah al-Din (Saladin) and Richard I preferred to avoid pitched battles unless they felt assured of victory. Both leaders stressed unity and organization and placed strong emphasis on motivating their forces. Candidates must also focus on contrasts. They may note that the Crusaders used heavy horses, broadswords and plate armour, and relied on cavalry charges. On the other hand, the Arabs had light horses, scimitars and chain mail, and depended on speed and battlefield mobility. Additionally, the Crusaders favoured siege tactics. There may be some imbalance between similarities and differences but both elements must be present in candidates’ responses.