Examine the impact of ethnic conflict in two African countries.

Candidates will consider the impact of ethnic conflict in two African countries. While the ethnic conflict within the two countries chosen must be from within the timeframe, they may or may not be contemporaneous. Candidates may offer equal coverage of the two countries chosen, or there may be some imbalance between the two. However, the two countries will be a feature of the response. Candidates may or may not choose a comparative approach. They may select countries where the results of ethnic conflict have been significant, such as Nigeria, Rwanda or Sudan. They may categorize the impact as being social, economic and/or political. Effects may include political divisions and instability, changes in leadership, lasting rancour and discord, mass genocide, intervention by foreign forces, and social and economic problems including famine and forced migrations.