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Date November 2018 Marks available 10 Reference code 18N.2.bp.14
Level SL and HL Paper 2 Time zone
Command term Examine Question number 14 Adapted from N/A

Question

Outline two characteristics of the informal sector.

[2]
a.i.

Outline the location of the informal sector in urban areas.

[2]
a.ii.

Explain how urban stress might result from environmental factors. 

[3]
b.i.

Explain how urban stress might result from social factors.

[3]
b.ii.

Examine the causes and effects of the movement of retailing in urban areas to new locations.

[10]
c.

Markscheme

Award [1] for each characteristic outlined.

Possibilities include, but are not limited to:

a.i.

Award [1] for each characteristic outlined.

Possibilities include:

a.ii.

Award [1] for identification of a factor and a further [2] for explanation of how this might lead to urban stress.

Environmental factors might include depletion of green space, noise and congestion, atmospheric pollution, pollution of water and soil through waste disposal.

For example: Environmental factors include the depletion of green spaces [1], which will result in loss of biodiversity and wildlife habitats [1] and might increase the urban heat island effect [1].

b.i.

Award [1] for identification of a factor and a further [2] for explanation of how this might lead to urban stress.

Social factors might include: poor quality housing, high crime rates and deprivation.

For example: Concentration of people in poor-quality housing [1] leads to overcrowding [1] and excessive demand on urban services/water/sewage [1].

b.ii.

Most movement of economic activity takes place as a result of movement from the CBD and other inner city areas towards the suburbs and rural–urban fringe. However, urban regeneration and development of brownfield sites can also lead to movement towards deprived inner city areas.

Possible reasons for movement might include:

Possible effects of movement might include:

Good answers should examine a range of economic, social, environmental and political causes and effects of movements of retailing.

At band D, responses are likely to be descriptive accounts of the causes and effects of the movement of retailing.

At band E, there should either be a greater explanation of a range of causes and effects, or some examination of the diversity within (limits of) retailing.

At band F, expect both.

Marks should be awarded according to the Paper 2 markbands (available under the "Your tests" tab > supplemental materials).

c.

Examiners report

[N/A]
a.i.
[N/A]
a.ii.
[N/A]
b.i.
[N/A]
b.ii.
[N/A]
c.

Syllabus sections

Last exams 2018 » Last exams 2018 - Optional themes » Option G: Urban environments » Urban land use » Areas of economic activity
Last exams 2018 » Last exams 2018 - Optional themes » Option G: Urban environments » Urban land use
Last exams 2018 » Last exams 2018 - Optional themes » Option G: Urban environments
Last exams 2018 » Last exams 2018 - Optional themes

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