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Date May 2012 Marks available 3 Reference code 12M.3.HL.TZ1.11
Level Higher level Paper Paper 3 Time zone Time zone 1
Command term Construct Question number 11 Adapted from N/A

Question

In a grassland ecosystem, the amount of energy captured by the photosynthetic organisms was 100 000 kJ m–2 yr–1. Construct a pyramid of energy indicating the predicted energy levels for four trophic levels, including the producers.

[3]
a.

Define biomass.

[1]
b.

Markscheme

Values: primary consumers: 10 000 kJ m–2 yr–1, secondary consumers: 1000 kJ m–2 yr–1 and tertiary consumers: 100 kJ m–2 yr–1
correct values; (allow 20 % error)
correct trophic level labels; (do not accept trophic level 1, trophic level 2 etc.)
drawing showing proper proportions; (height of each step the same, each bar no more than one quarter of the one below)

a.

the dry mass / organic material (of a group) of organisms in a given area/habitat

b.

Examiners report

Most were able to correctly identify the trophic levels for one mark. Some were able to correctly give the predicted energy levels as roughly 10% of the previous level although some indicated that only 10% was used or lost so that 90% went on to the successive level.  Few drew a good pyramid of energy diagram.

a.

Again, the definition was not clear and concise in most cases. 

b.

Syllabus sections

Option C: Ecology and conservation » Option C: Ecology and conservation (Core topics) » C.2 Communities and ecosystems
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