Outline the consequences of the edge effect for small nature reserves.

edge effect is the contrast between different environments/from central area of reserve;
small reserves have more edge effect;
as fragmentation increases so does edge (effect);
example of edge effect (e.g. cowbirds that lay eggs in edge will increase);

Candidates struggled with this section on the consequences of the edge effect for small nature reserves. Most tended to talk about endangered species. Some were able to get a mark for an example of edge effect such as increase in cowbirds which lay their eggs in the edge or for the fact that small nature reserves have more edge effect.