| Date | November 2017 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14 |
| Level | Standard level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | Explain | Question number | 14 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) indicates that the population numbers of many mammal species are decreasing. The chart shows reasons for the decrease and the number of species in each category of danger.
[Source: Michael Hoffmann et al. 2011. The changing fates of the world’s mammals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Volume 366, issue 1578. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0116. By permission of the Royal Society.]
Calculate how many species are classified as endangered due to hunting and trapping.
State one reason mammals can continue to survive even if they are extinct in the wild.
Outline how deforestation can affect the richness of biodiversity in an ecosystem.
Explain the impact of plastic waste on Laysan albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis).
Markscheme
14/15/16
Do not accept intermediate values eg: 14.5
zoos/nature reserves/captive breeding/ex situ conservation/farming/husbandry/pets
deforestation reduces richness by destroying habitat/loss of food/shelter/nesting sites
a. adults/young ingest plastic «which is indigestible»
b. plastic damages/fills stomach «can lead to starvation and death»
c. plastic blocks intestine so food cannot be digested «can lead to starvation and death»
d. adults/young can become entangled in plastic and so they drown/choke/suffocate
Allow other verifiable effect of plastic
“Can kill the birds” is too vague and worth [0]
[Max 2 Marks]
