Outline the main changes in the lungs that occur in patients with emphysema.

State a treatment for emphysema.

An increase in metabolic activity results in greater release of CO₂ into the blood. On the graph, draw the oxygen dissociation curve during intense exercise when the CO₂ concentration of the blood is high.

Explain how the increase in CO₂ concentration affects the release of oxygen to respiring cells.

a. air sacs/alveoli break down/rupture 

b. creating one larger air space instead of many small ones / reduces the surface area of the lungs 

c. loss of elasticity of lung tissue

supplemental oxygen / breathing techniques / bronchodilators / inhaled steroids / lung surgery to remove damaged tissue / lung transplant

curve has to be towards the right and starting together

Must start together but can finish slightly below the original curve.

a. increased levels of CO₂ lower the pH of the blood 

b. «which results in» decreased affinity of the hemoglobin for oxygen / greater release of oxygen 

c. this shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the right/Bohr shift