(i) Identify the type of diffusion shown on map A by the spread of flu in the first two weeks. 

(ii) Identify the type of diffusion shown on map A by the spread of flu in week four to new areas such as the settlement of Digby Island. 

(iii) Using evidence from map B, suggest why the flu outbreak started in square 1419.

Using evidence from map B, suggest three reasons for the spread of this disease between the end of week one and week four.

Examine the reasons why some communities enjoy greater food security than others.

(i) Expansion diffusion

(ii) Relocation diffusion

(iii) Possible suggestions would be “outsider” arrived in the city by boat, or was brought to the court house or police station.

Award [1] for the map feature that is identified and [1] for the justification given, eg “there is a marina in 1419 and someone with flu may have sailed here”.

If the wrong square is used (eg identifies City Hall in 1319), only [1] can be awarded for the justification.

In week two, the high density of population in the central area of the city leads to people infecting others around them; this area includes the city hospital (likely to be visited by many people with weakened immune systems and who therefore help spread the disease), as well as the community centre and local sports clubs (eg golf).

During week three, the movement of people, including travellers using the ferry and visiting the airport, result in the flu area expanding rapidly (more to the west than the east) to include not only outlying parts of Prince Rupert (eg around Oldfield), but also jumping to Digby Island, with cases reported from the areas near the ferry dock and around the airport.

Communication links during week four result in flu reaching the settlement of Digby Island, perhaps because some residents of Digby Island settlement work at the airport.

Award up to [2] for each developed reason.

For example: During week three, someone from Prince Rupert travelling on the ferry [1] carries the flu to a previously unaffected area [1].

No marks should be awarded for reasons not supported by map evidence.

Full marks may be awarded even if the reasons suggested cover only part of the time range.

The WHO defines food security as “when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life” (ie people are not living in hunger or fear of starvation).

The concept of food security has three different aspects/assumptions:

• food availability (having sufficient quantities of food available on a consistent basis)
• access to food (having the resources, economic and physical, to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet) and
• use of food (making appropriate use of food based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, as well as adequate water and sanitation).

Some communities live on more fertile land and get higher agricultural output or have more wealth enabling the community to purchase more food.

Good answers may explicitly examine disparities in different aspects of food security. Another approach might be to examine disparities for communities at varying scales, eg from village to nation, or even to examine how food security may vary for individuals within a community.

At band D, expect some description of reasons why food security/availability may vary for communities.

At band E, responses are likely to either provide greater depth/breadth of explanation for the reasons why food security/availability varies or offer some examination of the concept of food security or community.

At band F, expect both.

Marks should be allocated according to the markbands.