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Date November 2015 Marks available 6 Reference code 15N.2.sl.4
Level SL only Paper 2 Time zone
Command term Explain Question number 4 Adapted from N/A

Question

The photograph shows part of an advancing coast.

 

Describe two physical and/or human features shown in the photograph that suggest this is an advancing coastline.

[4]
a.

Explain how oceanic trenches are formed.

[6]
b.

“There are no simple solutions for the conflicts that arise over the use of coastal areas.” Discuss this statement.

[10]
c.

Markscheme

In each case, award [1] for a brief statement of evidence (either a landform feature or reference to human activity), and [1] either for an extended description of the feature, or an explicit link that is made with the fact that the coast is advancing.

For example:

a.

Award up to [2] for description and location of ocean trenches, and [4] for an explanation of their occurrence.

Description:

Explanation:

Credit other valid points.

b.

There are many competing land uses in coastal areas – urbanization, transport, tourism, recreation, fishing, industry, energy production, conservation. This can lead to many conflicts eg access to the land, use of resources, conflicts between farmers, developers, local residents etc.

Conflict can also arise over the use of coastal waters eg aquaculture, mangrove management, wind farms, etc.

For example, urbanization may lead to the loss of habitat/species diversity/lowering of groundwater, causing salt water intrusion/water pollution. This may anger those who are trying to conserve natural habitats and biodiversity.

Full marks can be achieved by a discussion of two conflicts and their possible solutions (do not expect balance).

Good answers may highlight the uneven power of different user groups (meaning that conflict is brushed aside rather than resolved). Another approach might be to establish interrelationships with processes such as in-migration, economic development or long-term sea-level changes: any of these processes may mean that conflicts over land use are especially hard to resolve.

If the candidate refers to geopolitical conflicts in relation to oceanic resources, rather than conflicts on a coastline, do not award above a band C.

At band D, expect an identification/description of at least one conflict (and interest groups) or description of some general solutions/strategies for coastal management.

At band E, expect either more detailed explanation of two conflicts and possible solutions, or some critical discussion of why conflicts are difficult to resolve.

At band F, expect both.

Marks should be allocated according to the markbands.

c.

Examiners report

[N/A]
a.
[N/A]
b.
[N/A]
c.

Syllabus sections

Optional themes » Option B: Oceans and their coastal margins » Introduction to oceans » Morphology of oceans

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