Describe the general relationship shown by the diagram.

Suggest one reason why settlement A does not fit the general relationship.

Suggest three possible reasons why the sphere of influence of supporters of a sports team could change over time.

Examine the contribution that ecotourism can make to a country’s tourist industry.

There is a positive correlation/relationship between catchment area and settlement size / small settlements have facilities with small catchment areas/larger settlements have facilities with large catchment areas [1].

Award [1] for some quantification.

Award [1] for understanding that it has a larger catchment area than facilities in other settlements with small population and [1] for further development of the reason or a valid example of a high catchment facility, for example, ski centre; mountain bike course trail.

Possible reasons include:

• changes in transport, meaning that it is easier/harder for supporters to travel longer distances to watch their teams
• improvements in communications technology, meaning that supporters from around the world can watch their teams on television or through the internet
• more/less money and capital investment raises/weakens the international profile of major teams, so supporters come from many different countries/change allegiance
• increased wealth and affluence means that supporters can afford to travel further to watch their teams.

Award [1] for each reason, and a further [1] for development and/or exemplification.

For example: Due to improvements in technology such as television and internet [1], Manchester United’s sphere of influence has grown to include people all around the world [1].

The question can be answered using one country only or multiple examples.

Ecotourism can be defined as responsible travel to remote, fragile and often protected areas that strive to be low impact and of small scale. Such activities might include bird watching, studying local ecosystems, walking and cycling. Ecotourism occurs in many countries at different levels of development.

Unique species and landscapes can be a major selling point for a country of local place’s tourist industry. Affluent tourists may travel long distances to see certain species in their natural habitats. Sustainable ecotourism provides local people with much-needed employment in some development contexts; in time, some may develop their own tourist-orientated businesses, helping to develop the tourist industry further.

However, careful management is required to avoid exceeding carrying capacity and risking the sustainability of ecotourism ventures. Strategies might include: restricting visitor numbers, which places a limit on the contribution that can be made to a national industry. In contrast, mass tourism ventures may make a larger economic contribution.

Good answers may examine the varied contexts for ecotourism (the contribution made to the tourist industry in very isolated countries, or those lacking other types of tourism, eg mass tourism, may be greater than for some high-income countries with well-established mass tourism industries). Another approach might be to examine the concept of sustainability (recognizing that there are limits to the expansion of an industry that aims to be sustainable). Another approach might be to examine how the contribution may change over time (some ventures
gain and later lose popularity in the Butler model).

For band D, expect some description of ecotourism/the tourist industry in one country.

For band E, expect either a more detailed explanation of ecotourism’s contribution to the national tourist industry or a structured examination of the statement.

For band F, expect both of these elements.

Marks should be allocated according to the markbands.