Using map evidence, identify and locate two secondary tourist resources.

Describe how one characteristic of the valley of the River Tarn limits its environmental carrying capacity.

(i) State the direction in which the camera was pointing when photograph A was taken.

(ii) Referring to photograph A, suggest the evidence that the perceptual carrying capacity of Sainte-Enimie may already have been exceeded.

Using examples, evaluate the use of tourism as a development strategy in some low-income countries.

In each case, award [1] for the tourist resources and [1] for correct location.

For example: Campsite [1] in the gorge at Sainte-Enimie [1].

Other possibilities include:

• campsites
• equestrian (riding) centre
• hostel/refuge/shelter
• viewpoints
• tourist information centre.

[4 marks]

Award [1] for identifying the characteristic and [1] for development.

For example: The valley/gorge is very narrow and steep-sided [1] and therefore access/transport is difficult [1].

[2 marks]

(i) NNE; accept N, NNE or NE [1]

[1 mark]

(ii) Shows some understanding of perceptual carrying capacity [1].

Allow [1] for each of two pieces of evidence, such as:

• crowded car park beside river [1]
• congestion in narrow streets of the town [1]
• noise pollution from vehicles and people [1]
• intense development/cramped cafes along road [1]
• large number of day-trippers (cars/canoes) [1].

[3 marks]

The advantages and disadvantages of using tourism as a development strategy should be examined. Tourism is a rapid growth industry and many low-income countries see its promotion as a development strategy.

The benefits might include: the creation of jobs in the tertiary sector (such as in hotels and as tour guides) and stimulates the multiplier effect; generating income for the country through tourist expenditure and taxes; improvements in infrastructure; developing new skills and technology.

The disadvantages include: creating dependency on one industry – which might be a problem if tourists stop visiting because of a natural disaster or political unrest; unequal development and the growth of tourist enclaves; economic leakage as profits go overseas; worker exploitation – much employment is unskilled and low-paid, while better-paid, more skilled jobs go to foreign workers; increased rural–urban migration and development of shanty towns and the informal sector.

At band D, there should be an understanding of how tourism might be used as a development strategy in low income countries.

At band E, there should be either more details or explanation of tourism as a development strategy or an evaluation of its effectiveness/usefulness.

At band F, expect both.

Marks should be allocated according to the markbands.

[10 marks]