| Date | November 2016 | Marks available | 4 | Reference code | 16N.1.bp.2 |
| Level | SL and HL | Paper | 1 | Time zone | |
| Command term | Explain | Question number | 2 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
The map shows how different regions within Nigeria score on the United Nations Development Programme’s Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). The higher the score, the greater the incidence of poverty.
Describe the pattern of poverty shown on the map.
Suggest two reasons why differences in poverty occur within countries.
Explain two positive outcomes of a strategy designed to reduce economic disparities within one named country.
Markscheme
Award [1] each for any 3 valid and distinct descriptions. Only award full marks if at least one of the statements makes correct use of data from the map.
Possibilities include:
- Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) increases as one moves north
- MPI seems to increase with distance from the coast
- MPI is lowest along the coast
- southern extension of worst poverty in the east
- MPI is lineated east to west
- Finger of low poverty around Abuja
- MPI seems to increase with distance from major cities
- Kano is an anomaly as it is an urban area surrounded by high MPI.
[3 marks]
Award [1] for any valid suggested reason and [1] for further development/exemplification that clearly links it to poverty within countries.
For example: Resource-rich areas may have less poverty [1] because there are opportunities to work and raise incomes [1].
Possibilities include:
- environmental reasons
- rural/urban divide
- government policies
- ethnicity
- major economic activities
- historical legacy
- corruption
- infrastructure
- access to education.
[4 marks]
Award [1] for one valid and located strategy, [1+1] for 2 valid positive outcomes of this strategy and [1] for further development/explanation of one of the outcomes in terms of how it reduces disparities.
Possible strategies could include: infrastructure projects; economic zoning; any form of targeted empowerment; development of new growth points; debt relief; increased investment; tax incentives.
For example:
In the 1980s in Nigeria a new capital city was created – Abuja [1]. This stimulated economic activity [1] which increased employment opportunities [1] and increased regional wealth away from the coast/Lagos [1].
For example:
Azad is a non-governmental organization (NGO) in India that aims to help women find employment as drivers [1]; this empowers women [1] thus increasing their social status [1] and reduces unemployment of women [1].
[4 marks]
