Identify two characteristics of HTML.

Discuss the benefits and disadvantages of the template including a CSS file in addition to the HTML page.

Explain why TCP/IP is a reliable protocol in relation to downloading operations.

Evaluate lossy compression and lossless compression when used to download files.

Award up to [2 max].
Mark-up language;
Can contain scripting commands/code;
Can imbed objects;
Uses tags to structure page;
Provides constructs to build hyperlinks;
Can be integrated with CSS and JavaScript;
Note: Accept other reasonable characteristics.

Award marks as follows up to [6 max].
Award [1] for identifying an advantage, [1] for identifying a disadvantage, and a further [4 max] for expanding on these advantages/disadvantages.

Advantages
It saves time (in web development);
Because modification of style needs to only be made to the CSS;
It saves space;
Because the code (of the style) is not repeated in each HTML file;
Quicker load of many pages / Quicker download of many pages from the same site;
HTML files are smaller;
It gives a uniform appearance to the entire website;
Which makes it more attractive/appealing/easy to navigate;
It can be integrated with outside sources (e.g. RSS feeds);
Which makes the website more interactive/dynamic for the user;
Quicker to make changes to layout/formatting/page positioning;
Therefore, it helps separating the jobs/tasks of illustrators (designer) from those that produce content;
Increases accessibility of authoring to non-experts;
Supported by most browsers;
Increasing the number of users;

Disadvantages:
Downloading pages from different sites can be slow (general browsing);
Because each page may have its own CSS;
(However, downloading many pages from the same site is instead faster;)
CSS syntax is different from HTML and can be slightly ambiguous;
Not a user-friendly language (but available as IDE) that the developer needs to learn;
(e.g. the same cascade style name may have slightly different effects when used by different browsers;)
An HTML page saved without CSS, and seen offline, will not display nicely;
Because it would require access to external files, including CSS (including images, video, sound);
Anybody with read/write permission to the CSS can easily override just the CSS;
Showing unwanted information to an entire web-site (risk of hacking in just one point/internal threat with high risk);
Some browsers do not support exactly the same CSS (some styles/fonts for example);
The view can be slightly different using different browsers/risk of slight incompatibility;
(For large, corporate sites) Integration of HTML + CSS with other content management systems (CMS) may be tricky;
Because CMS also use their own CSS, and there can be collisions, and it requires technical competence;

Award up to [3 max].
(When a request of download is received at the Application level (e.g. HTTP with a browser), appropriate data packets are generated and sent to the transport layer/TCP;)

TCP uses the header of the data packets to order them and to check their contents;
And sends an acknowledgement signal to the transmitter upon correct reception, before preparing a new data packet with a further header for the IP/Internet level;
If the transmitter does not receive the acknowledgement from the TCP, the transmitter re-sends the packet;
Therefore, all correct packets will be available to the TCP at some point to be made available to the IP and specifically to the IP destination/receiver (in the header);
IP ensures that the package reaches the correct address;

Award marks as follows up to [4 max].
Award [1 max] each for outlining the two techniques (lossy and lossless).
Award [up to 2 max] for relating both to actual applications ([1] if related to file types instead).

Images and audio can be compressed using lossy techniques;
This will create a smaller file/faster transmission time;
But the data loss will not seriously affect quality;

However, CSS and HTML files might lose possible scripting;
As you need to recover the original data;
Lossless compression is more suitable;