With relation to the activities that the software of an ECU has to perform, identify two of the sources that provide input data to the ECU.

With relation to the activities that the software of an ECU has to perform, suggest one reason why the auto-diagnostic program in the ECU depends upon the make and model of the vehicle.

Vehicles are tested for their exhaust gas emissions using simulation software at specialist garages. During a period of 5 minutes, a vehicle with the engine switched on is monitored for emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and fine particulates. The software uses 3D visualization techniques to display these parameters on a screen for the whole duration of the test.

Explain how emissions of CO₂ and fine particulates could be represented in 3D by the software.

Award [2 max].
Award [1] for each of the two requested elements that provide input.

Accept any ATD sensor explicitly stated by name.
Accept: speedometer, fuel gauge, brake pads, human pushing a button.
Do not accept: temp regulation unit (or any unit that is integrated in ECU).

Award [2 max].
May depend on the car maker and patents may be involved;
For example, internal communications protocols across different systems may not be revealed;

Different vehicles have different uses;
It doesn’t make sense to have the same firmware for different requirements;

Different models operate at different parameters,
Requiring different algorithms;

Different Countries may have different regulations;
Therefore country-specific ECUs for the same model/type of car;

Award [4 max] for one example with explanations.

Example answers:
The quantity and/or direction of diffusion of CO₂ and fine particulates can be mapped using colour plots;
Over the whole duration of the test in a 3D space;
Choosing a colour in an intuitive way;
To show how the density evolves over time;

Examples:
Plotting 3D points for CO₂ with vectors x,y,z ; // can be given BOD
Where x = time;
y = density of CO₂;
z = temperature;

Note: Do not accept generic answers that describe the process of 'rendering'.