| Date | November 2018 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 18N.2.SL.TZ0.1 |
| Level | SL | Paper | 2 | Time zone | no time zone |
| Command term | Outline | Question number | 1 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
The Boeing 787 aircraft was designed to be 20% more fuel efficient than its predecessors and is based on light-weight construction. The Boeing 787 is the first major commercial aircraft to have a composite fuselage, composite wings, and to use composites in most other components, see Figure 1.
The Boeing 787’s cabin windows are larger than any other civil aircraft and are composed of photochromatic smart glass.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2018]
Figure 2 shows the use of an instrumented model during the development of the aircraft’s wings.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2018]
State the percentage of composite used in the production of a Boeing 787.
Outline which physical property would have the greatest impact on the fuel consumption of a plane.
Outline why photochromatic glass is an appropriate material for the windows of the Boeing 787.
Outline why magneto-rheostatic smart materials would be used in the landing gear of the Boeing 787.
List two advantages of using finite element analysis (FEA) for the design of the Boeing 787 wings.
Explain how instrumented models have been used in the development of Boeing 787 wings.
Markscheme
50% ✓
Award [1] for stating the percentage of composite used in the production of a Boeing 787.
low mass/weight ✓
requires less energy/fuel (to fly) ✓
high mass/weight ✓
requires more energy/fuel (to fly) ✓
Award [1] for identifying a physical property that would have the greatest impact on the fuel consumption of a plane and [1] for a brief explanation.
(answer in brackets not required to award mark)
the properties of photochromatic glass allow it to tint/change opacity when exposed to (UV) light/the voltage is controlled ✓
which blocks the sunlight so that passengers are more comfortable/protected from sun glare/eliminating the need for physical shade/blind ✓
Award [1] for identifying why photochromatic glass is an appropriate material for the windows of a Boeing 787 and [1] for a brief explanation.
Do not accept ‘change colour’.
magneto-rheostatic fluids change their viscosity when exposed to a magnetic field ✓
which means that the impact of landing can be reduced/made safer ✓
Award [1] for identifying why magneto-rheostatic smart materials would be used in the landing gear of the Boeing 787 and [1] for a brief explanation.
test the structural integrity/stresses of the wing ✓
overcomes expensive performance testing/is more cost effective ✓
test the aerodynamics under various conditions ✓
test thermal exchange of interior/exterior under various conditions ✓
the designer can quickly make changes to the CAD drawing to improve the design of the wing ✓
Award [1] for each advantage of using FEA analysis for the design of the Boeing 787 wings.
instrumented models allow measurements to be taken that provide accurate/quantitative feedback for analysis ✓
the wings on the 787 have been tested under various simulated conditions ✓
this ensures that the wing can safely operate/resist stress during operation/improve the design ✓
Award [1] for each of three distinct points in an explanation of how instrumented models have been used in the development of Boeing 787 wings.
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 20N.1.HL.TZ0.15: What property does a material have if it can be drawn or extruded into wires and does not...
-
22M.2.SL.TZ0.2b:
List two properties that enable rope to maintain its strength.
-
22M.2.SL.TZ0.5a:
List two properties that made cast iron a suitable material for the Bailey Wood Plane.
-
18M.1.SL.TZ0.14:
The joints along railway tracks have noticeable gaps. This is not a design flaw as these gaps serve a purpose, see Figure 5.
Figure 5: The gaps along railway tracks
[Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Track_joint.jpg]
What purpose do the gaps along railway tracks serve?
A. Easy access for maintenance
B. Allow for thermal expansion
C. Ease of transportation
D. To adjust the distance between the wooden sleepers
- 19N.1.SL.TZ0.15: Sunglasses can be made using a smart material that, if deformed, will return to its original...
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19N.1.SL.TZ0.14:
The aircraft canopy of the fighter jet in Figure 4 allows the pilot to see out while flying. It is made from a thick polycarbonate which can absorb the impact of any debris.
Figure 4: An aircraft canopy
[Source: https://pixabay.com]
What mechanical property does this demonstrate?
A. Ductility
B. Hardness
C. Toughness
D. Plasticity
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22M.2.SL.TZ0.1d.i:
State how the plastic straw gains its stiffness.
-
22M.2.SL.TZ0.2a:
Outline why fibres are important for the strength and flexibility of the rope.
- 17N.1.SL.TZ0.15: Photochromic materials change in response to what stimulus? A. Heat B. Light C. Electric...
-
21N.2.SL.TZ0.7a:
Outline one physical property that makes hardwood a suitable choice for the base of the Gramovox® bluetooth speaker in Figure 13.
-
19N.2.SL.TZ0.7b:
Explain one physical property that the material used in the Zuperzozial kitchenware needs to possess.
- 18N.1.SL.TZ0.16: Which best describes the properties required of copper when being drawn into wire? A....
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19M.2.SL.TZ0.7a:
List two properties that are required in the materials used in a smartwatch.
- 18N.1.SL.TZ0.15: A table leg, under normal load conditions, would be under which force? A. Shear B....
- 19M.1.SL.TZ0.17: Which of the following best describes the term brittle? A. Returns to its original shape...
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21N.2.SL.TZ0.1a.i:
Define elasticity.
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21N.2.SL.TZ0.1a.ii:
Figure 4 shows an example of a stress / strain graph.
Describe what happens when the stress on a material causes it to exceed its yield point.
-
18N.2.SL.TZ0.1b.ii:
Outline why magneto-rheostatic smart materials would be used in the landing gear of the Boeing 787.
