Using examples, outline the following type of skill: perceptual.

Using examples, outline the following type of skill: motor.

Using examples, outline the following type of skill: perceptual motor.

Discuss specific areas in which a novice golfer may differ from a professional golfer when putting the ball towards the hole.

Outline the role of genes in influencing sports performance.

Evaluate the use of genetic screening for sports, exercise and health.

i. perceptual skills use a person’s senses ✔
e.g. an athlete hearing the call of a team-mate to pass them the ball ✔

Award [2 max].

Award [1 max] if no examples are given.

motor skills use voluntary movement ✔
e.g. a player passing a ball to their team-mate ✔

Award [2 max].

Award [1 max] if no examples are given.

perceptual motor skill is a skill where a person uses their senses to help execute a movement ✔
e.g. when passing a football, a player is aware of how much they are swinging their leg to impart the force to the ball, which they are looking at with their eyes ✔

Award [2 max].

Award [1 max] if no examples are given.

consistency:
the professional will be more consistent with their putts and be less variable in the ball’s placement ✔

accuracy:
the professional will generally get the ball closer to the hole than a novice from the same spot ✔

control:
the professional will have greater control of their movements ✔

learned:
the professional will have spent a significant amount to time practising the skill ✔

efficiency:
the professional’s movements will be efficient and only have the movements which are necessary for correct execution ✔

fluency:
the professional’s movements will flow and be coordinated, enabling success ✔

Award [3 max] for a list.

Accept in the converse.

genes code for specific proteins which are involved in many characteristics such as fast-twitch muscle fibres / height / lung capacity <which are beneficial to particular types of sport> ✔

genes are expressed as phenotypes ✔

genes affect the potential to perform a certain skill ✔

however characteristics are influenced by multiple genes ✔

genes can be switched on or off depending on internal or external factors ✔

e.g. the correct or incorrect diet will influence the growth of an individual ✔

e.g. being active and doing exercises will trigger the body to respond and adapt / training enables individuals to perform to maximise their genetic potential ✔

despite environmental factors <e.g. training> performance is limited by a genetic ceiling ✔

Award [3 max] for either.

Many candidates were able to access marks; most marks were from appropriate examples. Candidates struggled to outline the terms appropriately. In particular, they struggled with perceptual and perceptual motor.

Many candidates were able to access marks; most marks were from appropriate examples. Candidates struggled to outline the terms appropriately. In particular, they struggled with perceptual and perceptual motor.

Many candidates were able to access marks; most marks were from appropriate examples. Candidates struggled to outline the terms appropriately. In particular, they struggled with perceptual and perceptual motor.

Candidates struggled with the requirements of this question. Many candidates listed the characteristics of a skilled performance but struggled to discuss how these applied to a novice or professional performer.

Candidates were generally well prepared for this question.

Candidates were well prepared for this question.