| Date | November 2020 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 20N.2.SL.tz0.2 |
| Level | Standard Level | Paper | Paper 2 | Time zone | time zone 0 |
| Command term | Identify | Question number | 2 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
A separate study focused on the physiology of muscle fibres. It investigated the effect of post-exercise massage on muscle stiffness over a five-day period after downhill running. Stiffness of four leg muscles (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius) was assessed pre-run, immediately post-run, post-massage, and 24, 48, and 72 hours post-massage. For comparison, one leg was massaged and the other received a placebo treatment. (Note: an increase in N m–1 value means an increase in muscle stiffness.)
[Source: Adapted from Kong et al. “Effect of Post-Exercise Massage on Passive Muscle Stiffness
Measured Using Myotonometry – A Double-Blind Study,” Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 17(4), 599–606.]
Identify the massaged muscle with the greatest stiffness post-run.
Calculate the difference in stiffness, in N m–1, between massaged muscle and placebo post-massage for the muscle identified in 2(a).
Deduce the effect of post-exercise massage on muscle stiffness at 72 hours post-massage.
Markscheme
tibialis anterior;
415−388;
= 27 <N m–1>;
ECF
Accept calculation in the converse.
no / limited <significant / meaningful> effect;
Examiners report
Data questions were generally answered correctly.
Data questions were generally answered correctly.
This was an easy question that not many answered appropriately.
Syllabus sections
- 19N.2.HL:.tz0.3a.i: State the names of the muscles at X and Y. X: Y:
- 16N.1.SL.tz0.3: Which muscle is on the anterior region of the body? A. Soleus B. Pectoralis C. Biceps...
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18N.1.SL.tz0.3:
What muscle is labelled X in the diagram below?
[Source: adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sartorius_3D.gif, BodyParts3D,
© The Database Center for Life Science licensed under CC Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan.]A. Iliopsoas
B. Sartorius
C. Vastus lateralis
D. Vastus intermedialis
- 19M.1.SL.tz0.3: What is the muscle labelled X in the diagram? A. Abdominus rectus B. External...
- 17M.1.SL.tz0.4: Which muscles form the quadriceps femoris? A. Rectus femoris, vastus intermedialis, vastus...
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20N.2.SL.tz0.2b:
Calculate the difference in stiffness, in N m–1, between massaged muscle and placebo post-massage for the muscle identified in 2(a).
- 20N.2.SL.tz0.2c: Deduce the effect of post-exercise massage on muscle stiffness at 72 hours post-massage.
- 20N.2.HL:.tz0.3d: State the anatomical location of the iliopsoas.
- 21M.1.SL.tz0.3: The diagram shows the skeletal muscles in the anterior upper leg. Which muscle is labelled...
