State the role of antioxidants.

Explain the harmful effects of free radicals.

Outline the impact of training and exhaustive exercise on oxidative stress.

prevent or limit the damaging effects of free radicals <by turning them into substances that are far less reactive>;

these cause damage by removing electrons from parts of the cell in order to create paired electrons in their own structures;

Free radicals can:
remove electrons from cell and mitochondrial membranes, thereby affecting their permeability;

remove electrons from molecules such as enzymes and DNA, thereby impairing their function;

training partially reduces the build-up of free radicals;

exhaustive exercise generates high levels of free radicals;

uncontrolled free radicals result in oxidative stress;

Overall, answered well.

Overall, answered well.

Overall, answered well.