| Date | November 2019 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 19N.3.SL.tz0.13 |
| Level | Standard Level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | time zone 0 |
| Command term | Calculate | Question number | 13 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
An eight-week study examined the effects of time-restricted diet on body composition and strength. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups:
- Experimental group: Consumed only 3 meals within an 8-hour period each day, and did not eat for the other 16 hours.
- Control group: Consumed 3 meals within a 12-hour period each day, and did not eat for the other 12 hours.
All participants were assessed before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the eight-week study period. The mean results for body composition and strength are shown in the table.
[Source: adapted from Moro, T., Tinsley, G., Bianco, A. et al. Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16/8)
on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk
factors in resistance-trained males. J Transl Med 14, 290 (2016) doi:10.1186/s12967-016-1044-0.
Reproduced under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0).]
State the group with the lowest post-test fat mass.
Calculate the difference, in kilograms, between pre-test and post-test performance on the leg press 1 repetition max for the experimental group.
Deduce the effect of the time-restricted diet on fat mass and strength.
Analyse the association between body composition and strength.
Markscheme
experimental <group> ✔
302.00 − 282.80 ✔
= 19.20 <kg> ✔
Accept the subtraction in a different order.
time-restricted diet decreased fat mass and had a positive effect / increased strength
OR
statistically significant change in fat mass bench press and leg press as a result of time-restricted diet ✔
body mass relates directly to the energy cost of exercise when the body is unsupported ✔
an increased fat mass increases the energy cost of movement ✔
fat contributes nothing to the production of force ✔
maximizing fat-free mass is desirable for athletes involved in activities that require strength ✔
correlation does not establish that there is a causal relationship ✔
greater fat free mass but lower fat mass is positively associated with increased strength ✔
Accept valid examples from the data.
