Distinguish between the three different types of muscle.

Define motor programme.

Apply the concept of motor programme to improving performance of a gymnastics routine.

Explain how running versus static exercise (such as holding a plank position) affect systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels.

Using Welford’s model of information processing, describe how information enters the short-term memory (STM).

Discuss how the three energy systems contribute to ATP production during an 800-metre run.

motor programme is a set of movements stored as a whole in the memory «regardless of whether feedback is used in their execution»
OR
consists of an executive programme and subroutines✔

practice of the motor programme/subroutines for a jump/gymnastics routine improves proficiency ✔

improved proficiency reduces executive programmes to subroutines as the movement has become more fluid ✔

this results in opportunity to practice more complex motor programmes such as a hand spring ✔

Accept any valid example that refers to a gymnastics routine.

the nature of muscle contraction during static and dynamic exercise affect the peripheral vascular resistance differently ✔

during static exercise muscles create higher pressure on the blood vessels in contrast to dynamic exercise which results in lower pressure on the blood vessels ✔

during static exercise there is an increase even in diastolic BP because the muscles exert continuous pressure on the vascular system / the loss of the vascular pump ✔

Award [2 max] if no explanation.

input detection occurs / detected by the sense organs/interoceptors/exteroceptors ✔

information can come from intrinsic and extrinsic feedback/sources✔

information is briefly stored in short term sensory store ✔

relevant information is perceived/attended to through selective attention/signal detection process ✔

the necessary information is passed on to short-term memory ✔

during «approximately» the first minute all energy systems will be working ✔

during an 800 m run, energy systems do not respond in a sequential manner ✔

ATP-CP system:
ATP production is from the breakdown of phosphocreatine <anaerobically> during initial seconds of activity ✔
1 PC = 1 ATP ✔

may contribute at other times of rapid change in energy demand <as long as a steady state is found where the athlete settles into a pace> such as at the end of the race ✔

can only last for 10–15 seconds/ short bursts ✔

Lactic Acid System:
partial breakdown of glucose anaerobically to produce ATP ✔

1 glucose molecule = <net> 2ATP ✔

will dominate after the ATP-PC system up to 1–2 minutes <while the aerobic system gets fully functional> ✔

The lactic acid system will dominate at other times where effort increases towards 100% such as during the final sprint ✔

Aerobic System:
The aerobic system will dominate from approx. 1–2 minutes as the runner settles into their race pace ✔

1 glucose molecule = 38 ATP with the aerobic system ✔

Complete breakdown of glucose molecule in the presence of oxygen ✔

Award [3 max] for each energy system and [5 max] if only 2 energy systems are discussed

Many candidates struggled with the command term here and neglected to have the comparative component for each type of muscle.

Not always well understood.

Not always well understood. The application of the motor programme to performance improvement in gymnastics was not easy.

Generally well done.

Generally well done.

The focus of the question on ATP production was missed by many and they discussed general characteristics of the systems instead.