Outline causes of hypoglycemia. 

Explain the transportation of glucose across the cell membrance during physical activity.

Several causes but most commonly:
high insulin levels among diabetics ✔

Can also exist in non-diabetics through:
insufficient food intake ✔

excessive exercise ✔

illness ✔

postponing or skipping a meal or snack ✔

drinking alcohol ✔

glucose uptake into a cell is facilitated by the glucose transport proteins GLUT4 and GLUT1 ✔

GLUT4 transporters are stored inside intracellular vesicles that are translocated to cell membrane to allow greater glucose movement into cell ✔

GLUT4 transporters can be stimulated without insulin during physical exercise from other stimuli such as calcium ions ✔

glucose taken into muscle cells is quickly converted to glucose-6-phosphate to maintain glucose movement ✔

This question was answered well compared to May exam.