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Date November 2018 Marks available 1 Reference code 18N.3.HL.TZ0.3
Level Higher level Paper Paper 3 Time zone Time zone 0
Command term Calculate Question number 3 Adapted from N/A

Question

The information provided in Table 1 represents data for Country X in 2015.

Table 1

The information provided in Table 2 relates to Country Y.

Table 2

Figure 4 represents the circular flow of income in Country A, with values in billions of dollars ($).

Figure 4

The government of Country A decides to increase the level of taxation to $34 billion.

Table 3 provides information on the rates of direct tax in Country A.

Table 3

Table 4 provides information on the household distribution of income in Country A.

Table 4

Calculate gross domestic product (GDP) for Country X in 2015.

[2]
a.

Calculate gross national income (GNI) for Country X in 2015.

[1]
b.

Calculate the rate of consumer price inflation in 2016.

[1]
c.

Using the GDP deflator, calculate the percentage change in real GDP between 2014 and 2015.

[2]
d.

Identify the term represented in Figure 4 by the letter V.

[1]
e.i.

Identify the term represented in Figure 4 by the letter M.

[1]
e.ii.

State the four factor payments which constitute the income flow in the circular flow of income model.

[2]
f.

Define the term leakages.

[2]
g.

Determine the size of the budget surplus/deficit and state which using Figure 4.

[1]
h.

Using an AD/AS diagram, explain how this may affect the level of unemployment.

[4]
i.

 

Calculate the average tax rate for an individual who earns $64 000 per year.

[2]
j.

Draw and label the Lorenz curve diagram for Country A on Figure 5.

[2]
k.

Explain how an increase in the top rate of direct tax from 32 % to 36 % might affect equity and efficiency in Country A.

[4]
l.

Markscheme

GDP = C + I + G + (X − M)
= 745 + 229 + 437 + 234 − 289

Any valid working is sufficient for [1].

= $1356 billion

An answer of 1356 billion or $1356 (without working) is sufficient for [1].

a.

GDP + net factor income = GNI
1356 − 111 = $1245 billion

An answer of 1245 (without working) is sufficient for [1].

OFR applies.

b.

[ ( 109.21 105.35 ) 105.35 ] × 100 = 3.66

An answer of 3.66 (without working) is sufficient for [1].

 

c.

real GDP in 2015
4814 105.11 × 100 = 4579.96

rate of change
[ ( 4579.96 4465 ) 4465 ] × 100

Any valid working is sufficient for [1].

= 2.57 %

An answer of 2.57 (without working) is sufficient for [1].

d.

Income OR factor income OR household income OR factor payments.

Award [1] for identifying the term correctly.

e.i.

imports

Award [1] for identifying the term correctly.

e.ii.

rent, wages, interest and profit

Award [1] for three payments provided.

Award [2] for four payments provided.

f.

g.

budget surplus of $5 billion

Award [1] for determining the size of the budget correctly.

h.

NB A response in which the AS curve shifts to the left, on the basis that the increase in taxation may be indirect taxation, should be rewarded.

i.

12 000 × 5 % + 15 500 × 12 % + 32 500 × 21.5 % + 4 000 × 32 %
= $10 727.50

Working is not required.

average tax rate

( 10 727.5 64 000 ) × 100

Any valid working is sufficient for [1].

= 16.76 %

An answer of 16.76 or 0.17 (without working) is sufficient for [1].

j.

Award [1] for an accurate Lorenz curve.

OR

Award [1] for a Lorenz curve which is inaccurate but which goes from (0,0) to (100,100) and which lies below the line of perfect equality AND axes labelled accurately.

Award [2] for an accurate Lorenz curve with axes correctly labelled.

NB The term “cumulative” is not necessary for labelling of axes.

k.

NB A response which explains that inequality will be reduced, without explicitly using the term equality/inequality, should be rewarded.

l.

Examiners report

[N/A]
a.
[N/A]
b.
[N/A]
c.
[N/A]
d.
[N/A]
e.i.
[N/A]
e.ii.
[N/A]
f.
[N/A]
g.
[N/A]
h.
[N/A]
i.
[N/A]
j.
[N/A]
k.
[N/A]
l.

Syllabus sections

Last exams 2021 » Section 2: Macroeconomics » 2.1 The level of overall economic activity » Economic activity » Measures of economic activity: gross domestic product (GDP), and gross national product (GNP) or gross national income (GNI)
Last exams 2021 » Section 2: Macroeconomics » 2.1 The level of overall economic activity » Economic activity
First exams 2022 » Unit 3: Macroeconomics » 3.1 Measuring economic activity and illustrating its variations » 3.1.4 [Nominal] Gross national income (GNI) as a measure of national output
Last exams 2021 » Section 2: Macroeconomics » 2.1 The level of overall economic activity
First exams 2022 » Unit 3: Macroeconomics » 3.1 Measuring economic activity and illustrating its variations
Last exams 2021 » Section 2: Macroeconomics
First exams 2022 » Unit 3: Macroeconomics
First exams 2022
Last exams 2021

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