| Date | November 2017 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 17N.3.SL.TZ0.11 |
| Level | Standard level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | 0 - no time zone |
| Command term | Show that | Question number | 11 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Two of the brightest objects in the night sky are the planet Jupiter and the star Vega.
The light observed from Jupiter has a similar brightness to that received from Vega.
Vega is found in the constellation Lyra. The stellar parallax angle of Vega is about 0.13 arc sec.
Identify the mechanism leading stars to produce the light they emit.
Outline why the light detected from Jupiter and Vega have a similar brightness, according to an observer on Earth.
Outline what is meant by a constellation.
Outline how the stellar parallax angle is measured.
Show that the distance to Vega from Earth is about 25 ly.
Markscheme
«nuclear» fusion
Do not accept “burning’’
brightness depends on luminosity and distance/b =
Vega is much further away but has a larger luminosity
Accept answer in terms of Jupiter for MP2
a group of stars forming a pattern on the sky AND not necessarily close in distance to each other
OWTTE
the star’s position is observed at two times, six months apart, relative to distant stars
parallax angle is half the angle of shift
Answers may be given in diagram form, so allow the marking points if clearly drawn
= 7.7 «pc»
so d = 7.7 x 3.26 = 25.1 «ly»
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.11a.i: Identify the mechanism leading stars to produce the light they emit.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.11b.ii: Outline how the stellar parallax angle is measured.
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.10c.ii:
Outline whether it is reasonable to assume that flow is laminar in this situation.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.10b.i: Outline why the speed of the gasoline at X is the same as that at Y.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.11b.i: Outline what is meant by a constellation.
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17N.3.HL.TZ0.11a.i:
Using the graph, determine the buoyancy force acting on a sphere when the ethanol is at a temperature of 25 °C.
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.10a:
State the difference in terms of the velocity of the water between laminar and turbulent flow.
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18M.3.HL.TZ2.10b.i:
Estimate the Reynolds number for the fluid in your answer to (a).
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.10b.i: Outline why u = 4v.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.10a: An ice cube floats in water that is contained in a tube. The ice cube melts. Suggest what...
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.13a:
Draw and label the forces acting on the sphere at the instant when it is released.
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17M.3.HL.TZ1.9a:
Explain the origin of the buoyancy force on the air bubble.
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17M.3.HL.TZ2.10a.ii:
On the diagram, draw an arrow to indicate the direction of this force.
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17M.3.HL.TZ2.10a.i:
Estimate the magnitude of the force on the ball, ignoring gravity.
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17N.3.SL.TZ0.11a.ii:
Outline why the light detected from Jupiter and Vega have a similar brightness, according to an observer on Earth.
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17N.3.HL.TZ0.11b:
The room temperature slightly increases from 25 °C, causing the buoyancy force to decrease. For this change in temperature, the ethanol density decreases from 785.20 kg m–3 to 785.16 kg m–3. The average viscosity of ethanol over the temperature range covered by the thermometer is 0.0011 Pa s. Estimate the steady velocity at which the 25 °C sphere falls.
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17M.3.HL.TZ2.10b:
State one assumption you made in your estimate in (a)(i).
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18N.3.HL.TZ0.10b.ii:
The density of water is 1000 kg m–3. Calculate u.
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16N.3.HL.TZ0.13b:
Water flows through a constricted pipe. Vertical tubes A and B, open to the air, are located along the pipe.
Describe why tube B has a lower water level than tube A.
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17M.3.HL.TZ1.9b:
With reference to the ratio of weight to buoyancy force, show that the weight of the air bubble can be neglected in this situation.
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.10b:
The water level is a height H above the turbine. Assume that the flow is laminar in the outlet pipe.
Show, using the Bernouilli equation, that the speed of the water as it enters the turbine is given by v = .
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19N.3.HL.TZ0.9a:
Explain why the levels of the liquid are at different heights.
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19M.3.HL.TZ1.10b.ii:
Calculate the difference in pressure between X and Y.
- 20N.3.HL.TZ0.12a: State two properties of an ideal fluid.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.12c(iii):
Outline the effect on of changing the oil to one with greater viscosity.
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.10c.i:
Calculate the Reynolds number for the water flow.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.12c(i):
Determine the force exerted by the spring on the sphere when the sphere is at rest.
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17M.3.HL.TZ1.9c:
Calculate the terminal speed.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.12b:
Determine the terminal velocity of the sphere.
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16N.3.HL.TZ0.13a:
A solid cube of side 0.15 m has an average density of 210 kg m–3.
(i) Calculate the weight of the cube.
(ii) The cube is placed in gasoline of density 720 kg m–3. Calculate the proportion of the volume of the cube that is above the surface of the gasoline.
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17N.3.HL.TZ0.11a.ii:
When the ethanol is at a temperature of 25 °C, the 25 °C sphere is just at equilibrium. This sphere contains water of density 1080 kg m–3. Calculate the percentage of the sphere volume filled by water.
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19N.3.HL.TZ0.9b:
The density of the liquid in the tube is 8.7 × 102 kg m–3 and the density of air is 1.2 kg m–3. The difference in the level of the liquid is 6.0 cm. Determine the speed of air at A.
- 19M.3.HL.TZ2.13b: Explain why the sphere will reach a terminal speed.
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.13c:
The weight of the sphere is 6.16 mN and the radius is 5.00 × 10-3 m. For a fluid of density 8.50 × 102 kg m-3, the terminal speed is found to be 0.280 m s-1. Calculate the viscosity of the fluid.
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19M.3.HL.TZ1.10a:
State one condition that must be satisfied for the Bernoulli equation
ρv2 + ρgz + ρ = constant
to apply
- 19M.3.HL.TZ1.10b.iii: The diameter at Y is made smaller than that at X. Explain why the pressure difference between...
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18M.3.HL.TZ2.10a:
Show that the velocity of the fluid at X is about 2 ms–1, assuming that the flow is laminar.
