IB Questionbank

Updates to Questionbank

User interface language: English | Español

Date	May 2018	Marks available	3	Reference code	18M.3.HL.TZ2.10
Level	Higher level	Paper	Paper 3	Time zone	Time zone 2
Command term	Explain	Question number	10	Adapted from	N/A

Question

Bacterial biofilms play an important role in urinary tract infections. They can be responsible for persistence of infections. The diagram shows biofilm formation.

Identify the step where the extracellular matrix first appears.

[1]

a.

Explain the persistence of urinary tract infections, if bacterial biofilms are formed.

[3]

b.

Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacterium, is a common cause of urinary tract infections. State the colour of E. coli bacteria after Gram staining.

[1]

c.

Markscheme

ll

a.

a. extracellular matrix does not let antibiotic enter
OR
has physical properties/adherence that make it hard to remove

b. emergent properties may spread/cause antibiotic resistance

c. quorum sensing communicates/signals to all cells

d. slow reproduction rate/growth makes antibiotic less effective
OR
dormant cells have lower metabolic rate so antibiotic not that effective

e. some bacteria escape the biofilm to colonize other areas/invade «renal» tissue

b.

pink/red

Do not accept purple or violet.

c.

Examiners report

[N/A]

a.

[N/A]

b.

[N/A]

c.

Syllabus sections

Option B: Biotechnology and bioinformatics » Option B: Biotechnology and bioinformatics (Core topics) » B.3 Environmental protection

Show 59 related questions

18M.3.SL.TZ2.8c: Outline the concept of an emergent property.
17M.3.SL.TZ1.16a: Calculate the diversity of site C. Working should be shown.
18M.3.SL.TZ2.9b: State the name of the strategy that involves the use of organisms to remove toxic substances...
17M.3.SL.TZ1.11a: Determine the optimum concentration of sodium chloride for benzene degradation.
17M.3.SL.TZ1.10a: Evaluate the effect of 1 % ginger root extract on biofilm formation.
17N.3.SL.TZ0.10a: State the effect chlorination has on the accumulation of biofilm in the pipe.
17N.3.SL.TZ0.10c: Identify which two pipes would be required to study the effect of heat on biofilm accumulation.
16N.3.SL.TZ0.10b:
Explain two ways in which bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas can be used for bioremediation.
19M.3.HL.TZ1.11a:
Outline what is meant by halophilic when describing the bacteria.
19M.3.HL.TZ1.11d: Suggest one advantage to the bacteria of breaking down benzene.
19M.3.HL.TZ2.10b: Outline one example of an environmental problem caused by biofilms.
16N.3.SL.TZ0.10a: Outline the emergent properties of biofilms.
17M.3.SL.TZ1.10b: Outline the importance of avoiding biofilm formation in pipes carrying drinking water.
18M.3.SL.TZ1.10a: State the role of microorganisms in bioremediation.
18M.3.SL.TZ2.9a: Outline the trend in amount of salt in the soil over the study period.
17N.3.SL.TZ0.10b:
Suggest why membrane filtration may be more suitable than chlorination in purifying the water.
17N.3.SL.TZ0.10d:
Explain how quorum sensing benefits the bacteria within the steel pipes.
19N.3.SL.TZ0.11b: State one other way in which the formation of biofilms can be inhibited.
17M.3.HL.TZ1.10a.ii: Discuss the emergent properties of biofilms.
17M.3.HL.TZ2.10a: Outline the evidence that P. fluorescens can degrade the cyanide.
17M.3.HL.TZ2.10b: Suggest how the addition of sucrose promotes the degradation of cyanide.
19M.3.HL.TZ1.11b:
Identify the salt concentration with the greatest rate of benzene biodegradation.

………………......… mol m^–3
17N.3.HL.TZ0.11c:
Suggest two problems that could be caused by the presence of biofilms in water systems.
17N.3.HL.TZ0.11b:
State a positive application of biofilms.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.12a: Bacteria sometimes form biofilms inside metal pipes in water systems. Distinguish between...
19M.3.HL.TZ1.9c.i: B. subtilis colonies form biofilms through quorum sensing. Define quorum sensing.
19M.3.SL.TZ1.8d: P. aeruginosa is a concern in hospitals because it tends to form biofilms. Outline one reason...
19M.3.HL.TZ2.10a.ii: Suggest one reason, other than quorum sensing, for the resistance to antibiotics of a biofilm.
19N.3.SL.TZ0.11c: Some biological systems show emergent properties. Emergent properties arise from the...
17N.3.SL.TZ0.11:
The picture shows workers cleaning up a polluted stretch of coastline in Alaska after oil was leaked from a tanker.

[Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OilCleanupAfterValdezSpill.jpg]

Explain how oil pollution can be treated by bioremediation.
18N.3.HL.TZ0.9b: The formation of hydrophobic concrete is an example of how biofilms can be useful. Outline...
18N.3.SL.TZ0.11: The micrograph shows a T4 bacteriophage. Discuss the use of bacteriophages in water systems.
18N.3.HL.TZ0.9a: Outline the characteristics which would indicate biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.
19M.3.HL.TZ1.9c.ii: B. subtilis colonies form biofilms through quorum sensing. State three possible advantages to...
18M.3.HL.TZ1.11a.i: Define biofilm.
17M.2.HL.TZ1.1f.ii: Suggest a reason for the greater expression of the gene for the urea transporter after an...
17N.3.HL.TZ0.11a:
Outline the emergent properties of biofilms.
16N.3.HL.TZ0.13:
Explain the formation of biofilms and the problems associated with their formation.
20N.3.SL.TZ0.11:
Trickle filter beds are used to treat sewage.

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2020.]

Explain the role of biofilms in sewage treatment.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.12c:
State how viruses could be used to treat water systems, in order to avoid the use of a disinfectant.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.12b:
The use of monochloramine is replacing the use of chlorine, as it is more stable, but it can produce by-products that pose possible health risks. Evaluate the data to see whether monochloramine is a good choice as a disinfectant for water systems.
18M.3.HL.TZ2.10a: Identify the step where the extracellular matrix first appears.
17M.3.SL.TZ2.9: The diagram shows a biofilm that has formed on a tooth. Using the diagram, explain the...
19M.3.SL.TZ2.10a: Outline the process of quorum sensing in bacteria forming a biofilm.
17M.3.HL.TZ1.10a: Biofilms can be formed in many different environments. State one example of an environment...
18M.3.SL.TZ1.11:
Explain the difficulties of treating microorganisms growing in biofilms.
18M.3.HL.TZ1.11b:
Explain the use of a named bacterium in bioremediation.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.10b: Suggest one reason, other than quorum sensing, for the resistance to antibiotics of a biofilm.
19M.3.HL.TZ2.10a.i: Outline the process of quorum sensing in bacteria forming a biofilm.
17M.3.SL.TZ2.13: Explain how microorganisms can be used in response to pollution incidents such as an oil spill.
17M.3.HL.TZ2.10c: With respect to the degradation of cyanide by P. fluorescens, explain what is meant by...
19N.3.SL.TZ0.11a: Compare and contrast the effect of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration on the drop in pressure.
19M.3.HL.TZ1.11c:
State one genus of halophilic bacteria known to biodegrade benzene.
18M.3.HL.TZ2.13: Discuss the use of microorganisms in bioremediation.
18M.3.HL.TZ1.11a.ii:
Explain the difficulties of treating microorganisms growing in biofilms.
19N.3.HL.TZ0.11a:
Outline the aims and methods of bioremediation.
18M.3.SL.TZ1.10b:
Explain the use of a named bacterium in bioremediation.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.11:
Explain the use of two named bacteria in response to pollution incidents.
17M.3.SL.TZ1.11b: State the genus of halophilic bacteria in the soil that could be degrading the benzene.

Hide related questions

Option B: Biotechnology and bioinformatics » Option B: Biotechnology and bioinformatics (Core topics)

Option B: Biotechnology and bioinformatics