| Date | May 2018 | Marks available | 3 | Reference code | 18M.2.HL.TZ2.4 |
| Level | Higher level | Paper | Paper 2 | Time zone | Time zone 2 |
| Command term | Explain | Question number | 4 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
The diagram shows alpha amylase.
Explain the secondary structure of this protein molecule.
Amylase is used in human digestion.
State two sites of production of amylase.
Amylase is used in human digestion.
State the function of amylase.
Explain how enzymes catalyse chemical reactions.
Markscheme
a. secondary structure includes alpha helices/beta pleated sheets
b. secondary structure «of this protein» consists «mainly» of alpha helices
c. spiral coils «of polypeptide chain» held together by hydrogen bonds
d. between oxygen «C=O» and hydrogen atoms «N−H» of amino acids«on backbone»
e. «some» beta pleated sheets present in this protein
salivary glands AND pancreas
Both needed.
breaks down starch «by hydrolysis» into maltose/disaccharides
a. enzymes work by forming enzyme–substrate complexes
b. binding of substrate«s» to active site «of enzyme»
c. «enzyme» changes shape slightly
OR
puts strains on chemical bonds «of substrate»
d. decreases activation energy / increases rate of reaction
e. enzymes bind to specific substrates
Can show these points in an annotated diagram.
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 17M.1.HL.TZ2.11: This image is taken from a visualization of a eukaryotic ribosome. The arrows show the...
-
18M.1.HL.TZ2.12:
In which image are polysomes visible? (The images do not have the same magnification)
- 17M.1.HL.TZ2.9: Scientists have heated a solution containing the protein albumin and measured its relative...
- 16N.1.HL.TZ0.26: Where does a tRNA-activating enzyme attach the appropriate amino acid to the tRNA molecule?
-
18M.2.HL.TZ2.2c.ii:
Outline the role of tRNA activating enzymes in translation.
- 18M.2.HL.TZ2.2c.i: Outline the role of the A-site of ribosomes in translation.
-
18N.2.HL.TZ0.2a.i:
Label a peptide bond in the diagram of a polypeptide.
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.1: Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane? A. Nucleus B. Lysosome C....
- 16N.1.HL.TZ0.27: What does post-transcriptional modification of eukaryotic mRNA include? I. Introns are...
- 18M.1.HL.TZ1.28: What are polysomes? A. Strings of amino acids B. Packages of eight histones with DNA C....
- 21M.1.HL.TZ2.28: The mRNA codon UAC codes for the amino acid tyrosine. Which tRNA carries tyrosine?
-
22M.1.HL.TZ1.28:
This DNA sequence was used to synthesize a polypeptide.
DNA (sense strand): 3′ T A C T G A 5′
DNA (template strand): 5′ A T G A C T 3′
Which are the bases of the tRNA (anticodons)?
A. T A C T G A
B. U A C U G A
C. A U G A C U
D. A T G A C T
- 17N.1.HL.TZ0.28: Which cell component synthesizes actin and myosin? A. Free ribosomes B. Rough endoplasmic...
-
22M.1.HL.TZ2.28:
The diagram shows the structure of E. coli ribonuclease HI, a bacterial protein consisting of one polypeptide chain.
[Source: RCSB PDB. 1JL1 D10A E. coli ribonuclease HI. PDB DOI: 10.2210/pdb1JL1/pdb Mol* (Goedken, E.R., Marqusee, S. Native-state energetics of a thermostabilized variant of ribonuclease HI. (2001) J Mol Biol 314:
863–871 DOI:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5184) [image online] Available at: https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1jl1
[Accessed 25 November 2019]. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).]Which level(s) of protein structure is/are shown?
A. Alpha helix only
B. Quaternary only
C. Primary and secondary
D. Secondary and tertiary
-
20N.1.HL.TZ0.28:
The diagram shows the three-dimensional structure of tRNA.
[Source: Structure reproduced with the kind permission of N.R. Voss.]
What can attach to the region marked X?
A. mRNA
B. An amino acid
C. An anticodon
D. The P site of the ribosome
- 17M.1.HL.TZ1.28: Which types of interactions are found in a part of a protein with secondary but not tertiary...
-
21N.2.HL.TZ0.4b:
Describe the secondary structure of proteins.
- 18M.2.HL.TZ1.4c: Distinguish between the purpose of free and bound ribosomes.
- 18N.2.HL.TZ0.2a.ii: Outline the primary structure of proteins.
-
19M.1.HL.TZ1.28:
The image shows a polysome in a bacterial cell.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
How many genes have been transcribed?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
- 19N.1.HL.TZ0.28: How do R group interactions contribute to protein structure? I. Determining the sequence of...
- 17M.2.HL.TZ2.6b: Outline the roles of the different binding sites for tRNA on ribosomes during translation.
- 16N.1.HL.TZ0.28: Variations in the types of antibodies are produced by mRNA splicing. What is an advantage of...
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.6c: Explain how a polypeptide chain is synthesized in a eukaryotic cell.
-
17N.2.HL.TZ0.07b:
Nitrogen is part of many important substances in living organisms.
Distinguish between transcription and translation.
-
20N.2.HL.TZ0.6c:
Explain how polypeptides are produced by the process of translation.
-
19N.1.HL.TZ0.27:
In the diagram of a ribosome, which letter indicates the P site?
[Source: iStock.com/ttsz]
-
21N.1.HL.TZ1.28:
What is the primary function of the free ribosomes shown in the electron micrograph?
[Source: J Gordon Betts, et al. Anatomy and Physiology. Houston Texas: OpenStax, 2013. https://openstax.org/books/
anatomy-and-physiology/pages/3-2-the-cytoplasm-and-cellular-organelles. Image file available at https://commons.
wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0313_Endoplasmic_Reticulum.jpg#/media/File:0313_Endoplasmic_Reticulum_b_labeled.
png. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. https://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/3.0/deed.en.]A. Synthesize proteins to be used within the cell
B. Synthesize proteins for use in lysosomes
C. Carry amino acids to mRNA for protein synthesis
D. Synthesize proteins for secretion
