Date | May 2017 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 17M.1.SL.TZ1.19 |
Level | Standard level | Paper | Paper 1 | Time zone | Time zone 1 |
Command term | Question number | 19 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Which characteristic of water vapour classifies it as a greenhouse gas?
A. It absorbs and then re-emits some of the long wave radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface.
B. It prevents short wave radiation from reaching the Earth’s surface.
C. It absorbs UV radiation but does not re-emit it.
D. It absorbs infra-red radiation but does not re-emit it.
Markscheme
A
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
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17M.2.SL.TZ1.3c:
The short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) nests and breeds on remote low-lying coral islands in the Pacific Ocean. Predict how global warming may threaten the survival of such an ocean bird.
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22M.2.SL.TZ1.3c:
Explain how increased carbon dioxide in the air leads to the greenhouse effect.
- 17M.2.HL.TZ2.4a.ii: Using the food web, identify a saprotroph.
- 18M.1.SL.TZ1.19: In addition to carbon dioxide, which of these greenhouse gases is the most significant? A....
- 21N.2.SL.TZ0.1c.ii: Suggest a reason for the correlation between coral cover and WSSTA in 1998–1999.
- 21N.2.SL.TZ0.1a.ii: Deduce whether there is a trend in the incidence of white syndrome over the north-south range...
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16N.2.HL.TZ0.1f:
(i) Describe the trend in calcification when the pH is decreased at 25 –26°C.
(ii) In environmental studies, a critical value is the level at which a population declines or shows signs of poor health. Suggest a critical pH for P. onkodes.
(iii) Using all of the data, comment on the hypothesis that ocean acidification in warming seas will have the same effect on all species of coral.
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16N.2.HL.TZ0.1e:
Comment on whether the experimental data supports the observed data from the ocean.
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21N.2.SL.TZ0.1c.i:
Compare and contrast the data for 1998–1999 and 2002–2003.
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21M.1.SL.TZ2.19:
Which gases have made the most significant contributions to global warming?
A. Water and carbon dioxide
B. Carbon dioxide and methane
C. Methane and nitrous oxide
D. Carbon dioxide and ozone
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21N.2.SL.TZ0.1b.ii:
The researchers concluded that there was a threshold coral cover percentage, below which infection rates tended to remain fairly low. Using the data in the table, identify this threshold level.
- 22M.2.SL.TZ2.3b.ii: Explain the role of methane in climate change.
- 22M.1.SL.TZ2.19: Which activity directly contributes the most to recent increases in atmospheric CO2...
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.3a: State the type of wavelength of the radiation labelled X and Y. X: Y:
- 16N.2.HL.TZ0.1d: Identify one advantage of conducting this experiment in the laboratory rather than in the ocean.
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16N.2.HL.TZ0.1h:
Outline causes of ocean acidification.
- 17M.1.SL.TZ2.27: The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ2.19: By which mechanism do greenhouse gases contribute to global warming? A. Their higher...
- 16N.1.HL.TZ0.16: What contributes to rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and increases in...
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16N.2.HL.TZ0.1b:
Describe the evidence that the ocean temperature has an effect on coral cover.
- 16N.2.HL.TZ0.1c: Suggest causes for the changes in ocean temperature.
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.21: Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is...
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17M.2.SL.TZ1.3b:
Outline reasons for the change occurring at Z.
- 22M.2.SL.TZ1.3b: Outline how changes in temperature over short time periods could give a misleading impression...
- 22M.1.HL.TZ1.16: What is a potential consequence of the rise in global temperatures? A. Increased exposure to...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.17: Euglena is a unicellular organism that feeds on bacteria and uses CO2 as a carbon source....
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16N.2.HL.TZ0.1a:
Calculate the difference in coral cover in 1996 and 2002. No working required.
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21N.2.SL.TZ0.1b.iii:
Suggest a reason for a larger percentage of corals being infected with white syndrome on reefs with a higher cover of corals.
- 21N.1.SL.TZ0.19: How do greenhouse gases contribute to global warming? A. They destroy the ozone layer,...
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21N.2.SL.TZ0.1d:
Some scientists predict that, if humans continue to produce carbon dioxide at the current rate, the pH of the oceans will become more acidic. Suggest possible effects on the coral reefs.
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19M.1.HL.TZ1.16:
Deforestation and agricultural activities including the production of crops and livestock are thought to play a major role in the greenhouse effect. The graph shows annual trends in rates of deforestation and the production of soybeans and cattle in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil in the period from 2001 to 2010.
[Source: 'Decoupling of deforestation and soy production in the southern Amazon during the late 2000s.'
Marcia N. Macedo, Ruth S. DeFries, Douglas C. Morton, Claudia M. Stickler, Gillian L. Galford, and Yosio E.
Shimabukuro PNAS January 24, 2012, 109 (4) 1341–1346; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111374109,
used with permission]What conclusion can be drawn from the information in this graph?
A. The decline in rates of deforestation led to an increase in production of CO2.
B. Soybean production accounted for a greater proportion of deforestation than cattle production.
C. Forest habitats declined during the first few years of the study.
D. The decline in rates of deforestation is due to an increase in soybean production.
- 17M.2.HL.TZ1.1f.ii: Suggest a reason for the greater expression of the gene for the urea transporter after an...
- 21N.2.SL.TZ0.1a.i: Identify the site with the highest incidence of diseased colonies.
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21M.2.HL.TZ1.3a:
The map shows the widespread distribution of coral reef ecosystems (indicated by black dots) in the world’s oceans. Death of coral reefs is related to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.
[Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2021. Where Reef Building Corals Found. [map online] Available at: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/media/supp_coral05a.html [Accessed 20 May 2021].]
Explain how increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations can lead to coral death.
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21M.1.HL.TZ1.10:
The graph shows atmospheric oxygen levels over time.
About 2.5 billion years ago, a significant rise in atmospheric oxygen occurred. What was the cause of this rise?
A. Photosynthesis by non-vascular land plants
B. Photosynthesis by vascular land plants
C. Oxygen produced by photosynthetic bacteria being released from the ocean into the atmosphere
D. Volcanic activity
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21M.2.SL.TZ1.7c:
Discuss the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and global temperatures.
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Estimate how much smaller drilled oysters raised in seawater at a high CO2 concentration were...
- 17M.2.SL.TZ2.6c: Discuss the processes in the carbon cycle that affect concentrations of carbon dioxide and...
- 19M.2.SL.TZ2.3b: Suggest how climate change can influence the natural selection of organisms that live in the...
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22M.2.SL.TZ1.3a:
Calculate the increase in mean global temperature between 1880 and 2010.
.......... °C
- 16N.2.HL.TZ0.1g: Suggest another marine animal that has parts made of calcium carbonate and may therefore be...
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18M.2.HL.TZ1.7a:
Outline how greenhouse gases interact with radiation and contribute to global warming.
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21N.2.SL.TZ0.1b.i:
Describe the evidence that is provided by the data in the table for the harmful effects of rising sea temperatures on corals.
- 22M.1.HL.TZ2.15: The table shows features of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. According to the data in...