“The environment has been a key social issue.” Discuss with reference to two Asian countries (excluding China, Japan and India).

Candidates will offer a considered and balanced review of the statement that the environment has been a key social issue for two Asian countries (excluding China, Japan and India). Candidates may refer to the dwindling supply of resources to support the needs of an increasing urbanized population and the growing challenge for governments to deal successfully with multiple environmental issues. Candidates may also discuss the large welfare cost of environmental damage, especially on low-income groups, particularly in rural areas, as they are least equipped to deal with pollution. Specifically, candidates may discuss the effects of deforestation, loss of habitats, pollution and the dramatic increase in solid waste production, which may include health issues, natural disasters and loss of livelihoods. Other relevant aspects may be addressed, for example the extent and success of government action taken to mitigate environmental problems, but with a focus on the issue in the question. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.