“The Mongol Empire was the main reason for the increase in trade along the Silk Road.” Discuss.

The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the statement that the Mongol Empire was the main reason for the increase in trade along the Silk Road. Reasons may predate the timeframe but they must be clearly linked to the issue raised in the question. Candidates may discuss the expansion of the Mongol Empire from Asia into Europe, thereby creating a single political entity which made communication and trade easier. In addition, the relative peace of the Pax Mongolica improved the safety of travellers and traders, while the building and maintenance of infrastructure – like roads and forts for garrisons – also facilitated increased trade. The establishment of Samarkand as Tamerlane’s capital, with his focus upon the arts and exchange, was a further factor. Other relevant factors may be addressed, for example the push from European city-states like Genoa and Venice (the expedition of Marco Polo, most famously), but with a focus on the issue in the question. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.