To what extent had the Paris peace treaties (1919–1923) achieved their aims by 1929?

The question requires that candidates consider whether the aims of the peace makers had been achieved by 1929. Responses may broadly identify some key aims, such as, stabilizing Europe both politically and economically; preventing the spread of communism and establishing an organization to maintain stability (League of Nations). Candidates may argue that these were largely achieved by 1929 but that there were underlying weaknesses. Other responses may focus on individual peacemakers and their aims. Orlando was extremely unhappy about the terms of St Germain as it failed to give Italy territory that had been promised in the 1915 Treaty of London. Lloyd George was reasonably satisfied with the economic recompense Britain received but by 1929 Great Britain realized that reparations were problematic. Clemenceau wanted a weak Germany but by 1929 Germany was again a major power. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

The question required that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the suggestion that the Paris peace treaties (1919–1923) achieved their aims by 1929. This was a popular question. There were some good responses with detailed knowledge of the treaties, (and not just on Versailles). There were also some good discussions of whether aims had been met or not by 1929. However, weaker responses tended to slip into the 1930s and focus too much on the outbreak of the Second World War.