Examine the reasons for political change in the inter-war years in one European country (other than Germany, Italy or Spain).

The question requires that candidates consider the reasons for political change in their chosen state. Established states such as Great Britain and France would be appropriate as would any of the states which were established as a consequence of the post-war settlement. Possible reasons could include a drift to the right because of discontent with the post-war treaties (Hungary for example was a revisionist state). Economic factors could be a key reason for political change in any state, particularly the impact of the Great Depression. In some cases, fear of communism had a significant impact on politics: in Hungary, Horthy’s position was strengthened by his anti-communist stance. Similarly, Salazar in Portugal gained support because of his anti-communist views. Reasons will vary depending on the chosen exemplar. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

The question required that candidates consider the reasons for political change in the inter-war years in one European country other than Germany, Italy or Spain. Few responses were seen to this question. Some good knowledge was shown in some cases, for example, on inter-war Great Britain.