Discuss the role of tribute in two indigenous societies or cultures in pre-Columbian Americas.

The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the role of tribute in two indigenous societies or cultures in pre-Columbian Americas. Candidates may offer equal coverage of each chosen society or culture, or they may prioritize their discussion of the role of tribute in one. However, both societies or cultures will be a feature of the response. Candidates may refer to the economic role of tribute, arguing that it led to economic growth, as it allowed for specialized economies, which would commercialize excess goods through the tribute. They may also discuss the role of tribute in terms of redistribution, as tax collection, in some societies, intended to meet social needs. Candidates may also argue that tribute allowed for organic political expansion and the exercise of control over newly acquired territories; or discuss the symbolic importance of tribute as a tool of foreign policy and conquest. Candidates' opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

While few candidates chose to discuss the role of tribute for indigenous societies, those who did were generally able to address the demands in terms of knowledge respective to the Aztec and Inca cultures with an adequate extent of knowledge. In most respects, the essays were descriptive.