Examine the factors that promoted and limited the spread of Christianity in 19th century Africa.

The question requires that candidates consider the interrelationship between the factors that promoted and limited the spread of Christianity in 19th century Africa. Causes may predate the timeframe but must be clearly linked to the issue raised in the question. Candidates may refer to factors which promoted Christianity such as the large expansion of the Christian missionary movement made possible by European wealth, exploration and the conquest of disease. European imperialism brought Christianity with it and pushed out or eliminated pagan and Muslim rivals. Christianity attracted many converts as a result of its social work in providing health care, education, social progress and economic opportunity. Factors inhibiting Christianity may include resentment at foreign conquest and Christian interference with established social customs such as polygamy. Areas with strong Muslim leaders and/or long-established Muslim traditions were able to resist the spread of Christianity. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.