To what extent was foreign involvement the main factor which determined the outcome of two wars?

The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the suggestion that foreign involvement was the main factor which determined the outcome of two wars. The two wars may or may not come from the same region. Candidates may appraise the influence of the Somalis and Portuguese who fought on opposite sides in the Ethiopian–Adal War (1529–1543) or the role of the English and the French in the Dutch War of Independence. Chinese aid to the Koreans was arguably vital to their resistance to the Japanese in the 1590s; candidates may also appraise the roles of the French and British intervention in the Beaver Wars of the late 17th century or the role of mercenaries, such as the Swiss, who fought in numerous European wars. Other relevant factors may be addressed, for example the quality of leadership, geographical factors, good or ill fortune, weaponry and tactics, and financial and military resources. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

The question required that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the suggestion that foreign involvement was the main factor which determined the outcome of two wars.