Discuss the causes of the Spanish–American War (1898).

This question requires that the candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the causes of the Spanish–American War. Causes may predate the timeframe, but they must be clearly linked to the issue raised in the question. Candidates may refer to the desire for Cuban independence, both by the Cubans and the Americans. Economic interests in the US supported the war in order to make Cuba more open to US business and trade. American imperialism, whether economic, political or military, can be seen as a cause. Candidates may also refer to “yellow journalism” in the US that fuelled American desires to protect Cuba from Spanish mistreatment and end the last vestiges of a colonial empire. The US declaration of war occurred after the sinking of the USS Maine and the Spanish DeLome letter, which belittled the US president. For Spain, the causes revolve around ending US influence in Cuba and keeping Cuba as their colony. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

This question required that the candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the causes of the Spanish–American War. Surprisingly, there were few responses with an average performance. Some causes were addressed with relevant but not in-depth knowledge and limited analysis.