Discuss the importance of developments in energy and power for industrialization in two countries, each chosen from a different region.

The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the importance of developments in energy and power for industrialization in two countries, from different regions. Candidates may discuss technological innovations that resulted in increased energy/power production, for example: the combustion engine; steam power/the steam engine; gas lighting; generation of electricity; nuclear power. Candidates may discuss developments related to accessing natural energy sources, for example the expansion of coal mining during Britain’s industrial revolution, the expansion of the oil industry in the 19th century in the United States or the development and regulation of the oil industry in Brazil in the 20th century. Developments in efforts to harness natural resources, including water, wind and solar power, are relevant, for example John Smeaton’s work on windmills in the 18th century. Candidates may discuss the role of key individuals in developments related to energy and power, for example Thomas Newcomen and James Watt. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

The question required candidates to offer a considered and balanced review of the importance of developments in energy and power for industrialization in two countries, from different regions. Very few responses were seen.