Compare and contrast the treatment of subjects in two Early Modern states.

The question requires that candidates give an account of the similarities and differences in the treatment of subjects in two Early Modern states that may or may not be chosen from the same region, referring to both throughout. There does not need to be an equal number of each. Candidates may refer to states within Europe where serfdom was practiced to reward nobles and to organize peasant communities. This may be compared and/or contrasted with similar practices employed by the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan to reward samurai and organize peasant populations. Candidates may also draw upon comparisons and contrasts to be made with the encomienda system in the Americas, used to organize subject populations. The contrasting treatment of Muslim and of Christian populations in different states within the Ottoman Empire may also be considered. With reference to the treatment of subjects, candidates may choose to compare and contrast issues such as taxation; legal rights and judicial systems; responses to different religious beliefs.

The question required candidates to give an account of the similarities and differences in the treatment of subjects in two Early Modern states that may or may not be chosen from the same region. Very few responses were seen.