“Population expansion was a significant cause of social and economic change.” With reference to two societies, to what extent do you agree with this statement?

The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the statement that population expansion was a significant cause of social and economic change. The two societies chosen may or may not be from the same region. Candidates may offer equal coverage of social and economic change, or they may prioritize their discussion of one of these. However, both aspects will be a feature of the response. Social changes may include rising tensions resulting from population expansion, including pressures on housing, food or land. Candidates may refer to economic benefits, including increased economic development, growth in trade, opportunities for increased tax revenue or economic problems, including lack of access to resources or increased competition for employment. Candidates may also refer to relevant domestic or international population movements. The population growth in England throughout the 16th century and the subsequent problems arising from and impacting immigration to the colonies is a viable example; as is the significant population growth experienced during the Ming dynasty, which resulted in internal migration and heavily impacted agriculture. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

The question required candidates to consider the merits or otherwise of the statement that population expansion was a significant cause of social and economic change. Very few responses were seen.