Evaluate the reasons for the growth of national consciousness in India up to the end of the First World War.

The question requires that candidates make an appraisal of the reasons for the growth of national consciousness in India up to the end of the First World War by weighing up the importance or otherwise of various political, economic, social and cultural factors. These need not all be covered or covered equally. They may adopt a chronological approach that contextualises events beginning in the mid-19th century or in the early 20th century. Candidates may refer to the role of political organizations such as the Indian National Congress, the All India Muslim League and the Home Rule Leagues, and the growing demands for self-government, including the 1916 Lucknow Pact. Some candidates may also evaluate the contributions of individuals such as Gokhale, Tilak and Besant. Other relevant factors may be addressed, for example, the British divide and rule policies and the impact of the First World War, but with a focus on the issue in the question. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.