Evaluate the role of papal patronage in promoting the arts.

The question requires that candidates make an appraisal of the role of papal patronage in promoting the arts. Candidates may evaluate the role of Pope Martin V as the initiator of a new period of papal power after moving the papal throne back to Rome and the end of the Great Schism, and his use of art, architecture and literature to promote Christendom. Candidates may also refer to the fostering of Humanist studies; the collection of antiquities; the editions of texts; and the construction and rebuilding of fortifications, bridges, streets, squares, etc. under papal patronage as a sign of its power. Other relevant factors may be addressed, for example the involvement of different popes in promoting the arts in order to glorify themselves and their families, but with a focus on the issue in the question. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

The question required that candidates make an appraisal of the role of papal patronage in promoting the arts. Few responses were seen to this question. Responses tended to very general and had limited relevant knowledge.