Discuss the impact of military campaigns/battles on the outcome of two Latin American independence processes.

The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the impact of military campaigns and battles to the outcome of two independence processes in Latin America. The impact may extend beyond independence but it must be clearly linked to the issue raised in the question. Candidates may offer equal coverage of both independence processes, or they may prioritize their discussion of one. However, two independence processes will be featured in the response. Candidates may refer to the contributions of the campaigns coordinated by Bolivar and San Martin to independence, for example. They may discuss how military campaigns and battles promoted patriotism and united Latin Americans from different social and racial backgrounds. Other relevant factors may be addressed, for example how campaigns and battles contributed to shape political rivalries in the region, but with a focus on the issue in the question. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

The question required that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the impact of military campaigns and battles to the outcome of two independence processes in Latin America. This was selected in a few instances. A good number demonstrated thorough knowledge. However, some candidates applied knowledge as to leaders, rather than specific campaigns or battles.