Evaluate the reasons for Ottoman success in their struggle with the Safavids.

The question requires that candidates make an appraisal of the reasons for Ottoman success in their struggle with the Safavids, weighing up the strengths of the Ottomans and the limitations or otherwise of the Safavids. Candidates may refer to the leadership of the Ottoman Sultan Selim I, who was ruthless in his opposition to the Safavids. The Ottoman army was much larger, better equipped and better trained than the Safavid army; which allowed them to win key battles and occupy the Safavid capital. The Ottomans made alliances with enemies of the Safavids. The Ottoman Empire controlled sea routes and territories enabling them to limit Safavid expansion. The continuous expansion of the Ottoman Empire gave them the power to dominate the Safavids throughout the period. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by relevant evidence.